Herbal Dietary Supplements :: Diet Supplement Weight Loss Gain Research Paper

Herbal Dietary Supplements Fit America Fit America touts itself as the very best and most practical 100% Natural system of weight loss that helps an individual lose weight without dieting. Fit America is a natural weight control that is composed of 13 herbs and minerals that supposedly "help suppress appetite, regulate the bowels and kidneys, and stimulates the metabolism so the body uses the foods consumed more efficiently." The Fit America program requires a high protein, low carbohydrate diet. Fit America promises that an individual can expect to lose up to 10 to 18 pounds per month with a proper balance of food and water consumption. These herbal supplements include astragalus, bitter orange, cascara sagrada, fo-ti, gingko, english hawthorn, henna, licorice root, ma huang, and valerian root. It is recommended that individuals who utilize the Fit America program begin by taking one gray colored herbal capsule twice a day and one peach colored herbal capsule once a day. The Fit America program then encourage s the individual to gradually increase their dosage of grey colored capsules but to take no more than eight in one day1. For a 7 - 10 day starter kit of Fit America, the price is $29.95. For a 45 day supply, the cost is $139.00. I will attempt to review the safety of these herbs and their effects on the human body. Herbal Regulations When a pharmaceutical company desires to market a prescription drug, they must meet certain procedures and standards established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These procedures can last many years and incur hundreds of millions of dollars of cost for the pharmaceutical company. Before a drug can be marketed, it must first be patented and then pass three phases of clinical investigation. In Phase I, the drug is tested by giving a small amount of it to a limited number of people. At this stage, the researchers are looking for the pharmacological effects on the body such as side effects. In Phase II, individuals who have the condition that the drug is supposed to treat are tested. Approximately 100 people are tested in this phase. If Phase II shows signs of promise, then clinical investigations move into Phase III.

Psychiatric evaluation in the Philippines Essay

1. How would you describe the status of Filipino mental health based on prevalence of psychiatric cases released by DOH and the National Center for Mental Health from 2009-2012? As taken from the report, the WHO identified that stigma, discrimination and neglect have prevented care and management from reaching persons with mental disorders .Psychiatric patients in the Philippines are usually managed in a mental hospital setting. DOH-commissioned Social Weather Stations survey found that 0.7 percent of total Filipino households have a family member who has a psychological disorder such as depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and substance abuse. The status of mental health in the Philippines is also greatly affected by psychosocial issues and stress happening in the country such as economic crisis (poverty) and problems in interpersonal relationship (family, friends and workplace). Although for now the status of Filipino mental health is being balanced by our cultural practices, it is with great importance that we recognize that to further decrease the incidence of psychiatric cases, we need to seek medical assistance to manage them. The Philippines is a country in which psychiatry is taboo. Despite being a very modernized and americanized nation for the most part, plenty of Filipinos still hold onto old traditional and religious beliefs. Psychological disorders are not seen as such, but are thought of as demonic possessions and the like. The social stigma associated with mental illness is a major cause for non-use of health and psychosocial services by Filipinos. The lack of understanding of mental illness and the importance of mental health among Filipinos is as serious as the lack of a regular and useful database on the prevalence, manifestations, causation and risk factors of mental illness in the country. Thus, in my point of view, although the Philippines has lower number when it comes to psychiatric cases than other countries, our approach in handling such cases are still primitive that it would greatly affect the society and might contribute to the future increase of such cases. 2. Criticize the DSM-IV-TR in terms of reliability and practicality. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is used by clinicians and psychiatrists to diagnose psychiatric illnesses. It improved diagnostic objectivity by adding prototypes or decision trees outlining defining features of disorders, which lead clinicians through sets of questions regarding the presence or absence of symptoms. Mental health providers use the manual to better understand a client’s potential needs as well as a tool for assessment and diagnosis. The DSM-IV Text Revision is based on five different dimensions. This multiaxial approach allows clinicians and psychiatrists to make a more comprehensive evaluation of a client’s level of functioning, because mental illnesses often impact many different life areas. I have read several reviews about this system and there has been charges that DSM criteria and categories have little lapse when it comes to reliability and validity of its diagnoses. Some even suggested widespread concerns that DSM diagnostic categories lack clinical, research, and educational utility and that they are misused in a variety of contexts. As I was browsing the net I found two studies that used to describe the reliability and validity of the DSM-IV TR: Hoffmann (2002) Hoffmann studied prison inmates to look at diagnoses of alcohol abuse, alcohol dependency and cocaine dependency, to see if differences would occur in a computer-prompted structured interview, compared to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. It was found that the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis was valid and that the interview data supported the idea that dependence was more a severe syndrome than abuse. The symptoms from the automated interview matched those of the DSM criteria. Lee (2006) Lee studied the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD to see if it would be suitable for Korean children, and looked at gender differences in the features of ADHD in the DSM. The DSM lists eighteen criteria for ADHD linked to children’s behavior. In total, 48 primary school teachers rated the behavior of 1,663 children (904 of which were boys, the remaining girls) using a questionnaire. Lee looked for concurrent validity by comparing the DSM-IV-TR criteria with criteria arising from the questionnaire, and compared DSM behavioral and psychological characteristics with those found in an ADHD test. Previous studies had showed that ADHD children had oppositional deficit disorder, ODD, as well, having problems with peers and discipline. Lee decided that finding the same correlation would support the diagnosis and show the DSM to be a valid tool. The same relationship was observed, and so it was said that the DSM-IV-TR had concurrent validity. Also found it to be reliable, as the correlation could check for similar diagnoses. However, the study found that for girls, the DSM-IV-TR symptoms and diagnoses were less compatible than they were for boys, which was a weakness found with the DSM as a diagnostic tool. When it comes to practicality, the DSM-IV TR provides readily available diagnoses that helps clinicians to plan a treatment to patients since the DSM-IV is a categorical classification system. To be reliable as a diagnostic classification system, there would have to be consistency with the DSM. This means that the DSM is reliable if the clinicians using it consistently arrive at the same diagnoses as each other. Validity is the extent to which a measure of a psychological variable measures what it sets out to measure. Essentially this means the correct variable (in clinical psychology, this variable will be a mental disorder) is measured, by arriving at the correct diagnosis. Needless to say, if the DSM were not reliable, it would not be valid either. This is because if it is unreliable it means inconsistent diagnoses are made, and so it must not be valid either as surely the correct diagnosis is being made. 3. With the patient’s right to privacy, what are the advantages and disadvantages of observing such right in a psychiatric setting? Privacy is defined in terms of a person having control over the extent, timing, and circumstances of sharing oneself physically, behaviorally or intellectually with others. Psychiatric patients have unique needs and quite often several issues are at stake. Although we handle these patients with a specialized form of care, all of them have all the same rights. One of the most important right is the right to privacy. Advocating a patient’s right is one of the fundamentals of nursing. The nurse must safeguard the patient’s right to privacy. This does not only mean the right to be left alone but more importantly avoiding unwanted intrusion into the patient’s life. The nurse advocates for an environment that provides for sufficient physical privacy, including auditory privacy for discussions of a personal nature and policies and practices that protect the confidentiality of information. Maintaining the privacy of a psychiatric patient and practicing confidentiality has a lot of advantages. It helps establish trust between a health care provider and the patient, whereas he feels respected thus gathering needed information regarding the patient’s status, including needs and concerns becomes easy. It also helps to reduces worry on the part of the patient and maintains his dignity. Therefore it could give the patient a sense of control and promotes autonomy. Moreover every freedom should also have its limitation. When we talk about privacy in the psychiatric setting, in times where patients lack the capacity to make decisions for themselves, their best interests should be considered during the treatment. Any treatment should be the least intrusive option for the patient. A patient’s right to privacy may be limited in situations where a person must be continuously observed, such as when restrained or in seclusion when immediate and serious risk to harm self (such as when the patient is under suicide precautions or special observation status) or others exists. Although this advocates for the safety of the patients in the hospital, some patients may find this experience confusing or upsetting. Furthermore, in practicing their right to access their records, some psychiatric patients might become more worried and pessimistic after reading their records especially if they are not responding well to treatments. And also in case of involuntary hospitalization (which is usually justified by patients’ imminent dangerousness to themselves or others, or their inability to meet basic needs) patients feel their privacy is being violated. In acknowledgement of the seriousness of depriving a patient of freedom in an involuntary commitment, the involuntary patient could insist his right to privacy and might withhold key information about his status that may contribute to his treatment. The patients’ rights especially regarding his privacy has its advantages and limitations which may result to various effects on his well-being. Health care providers should consider privacy a basic human right and confidentiality a professional obligation.

Events That Led to The American Revolution Essay examples

Many people have the misconception that the American Revolution occurred because British colonists did not want to be British citizens any longer. This may have been the case for a select few, but many British colonists desired to maintain their status as British colonists and citizens. The foremost reason that the colonists began protests, boycotts, and petitions against the British was because they believed their innate rights as British citizens were being violated. The American Revolution occurred due to a chain of events and a complex set of intertwined reasons. One of the reasons that the colonists wanted to separate from Britain was that people in the colonies had begun to see themselves as small separate nations such as North†¦show more content†¦The governor rarely intervened with political affairs that would incense the colonists, because the legislature controlled when and how the governor would be paid. These reasons all supplied the fuel to start the America n Revolution, but the spark that began it was the taxation of the colonies. The biggest reason that colonists were becoming disgruntled with their mother country, Britain, was Britain’s heavy debts that Britain had accumulated while fighting wars with France which needed to be alleviated. As with all governments, Britain had to tax its people to procure the funds needed to pay these debts. Britain saw their colonies as thousands of British citizens that they had not taxed satisfactorily. After realizing this, Britain imposed several new taxes on goods imported and exported to and from the colonies. The colonists were livid over the new taxes. After all, Britain had practiced salutary neglect for almost 100 years. Salutary neglect is the practice of leaving one’s foreign acquisitions to their own devices with little to no interference of their government, social, or economic aspects. The colonists immediately began to petition these new taxes. Their logic: â€Å"No taxation without representation.† In contrast to Britain, the colo nists believed in direct representation which is representation in government by having someone from a certain region represent that area. British government or Parliament believed in virtual representationShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of The American Revolution999 Words   |  4 Pagesand 1776, resistance to imperial change turned into a full-on revolution. The American Revolution, also known as the Revolutionary War, was a time of revolting and political uprising, in which the 13 colonies separated from the British Empire, forming the independent nation known as the United States of America. Though the American Revolution began because the colonies wanted independence from Britain, many important historical events and revolts also lead to the tensions and resistance to what resultedRead MoreAmerican Revolution : The Great British Army Conquered Parts Of The American Colonies1027 Words   |  5 PagesJiewan Hong Ms. Seydewitz U.S. History 11 November 2015 American Revolution Essay After the Great British Army conquered parts of the American colonies, they thought it would be easy to conquer all of the colonies because of their huge advantages against them. However, the British was wrong. Starting from about 1763, the American colonies were taken under control by a new British ruler, King George III. He was such a tyrant because he tried to do everything he could, to defeat and claim the America’sRead MoreDifferences Between the French and American Revolutions1362 Words   |  6 PagesDifferences in the American and French Revolutions Sometimes a revolution can take place within a country against its own current state of government, other times a revolution can take place externally to rid a country of another countrys influence. There are many components that are involved in a revolution taking place. One must consider the causes or reasons of the situation, the events that occur during the revolution and the effects or aftermath that had been created by that revolution. There wereRead MoreThe Great Principles Of The American Revolution1689 Words   |  7 Pagescreation of the American nation became what it is today from years of struggle in which the common people, as well as the Founding Fathers, played a vital part for independence. The promise of the Revolution, a nation based on the republican ideals of liberty, independence, and equality, was to some extent achieved. Yet the great principles of the Revolution have long shaped our thoughts of what it means to be an American. All the events leading up and a fter the American Revolution will have effectsRead MoreThe Battle Of Saratoga And Indian War981 Words   |  4 PagesBoom! Boom! Boom! Do you hear that? That’s what led to the revolution. Some events that led to the revolution are: The French and Indian War, The Battle of Saratoga and many other events. The American Revolution was between the Americans led by George Washington , and the British led by General Howe and General Cornwallis. The two enemies have been fighting for several of years. There are series of wars that led to the revolution. These series if wars lasted for several of years also. This is wereRead MoreHistorical Events And Their Impact On The World952 Words   |  4 PagesMajor Historical Events and Their Impact on the World We Live In Today The world we live in today has been shaped by certain events in the past. The Industrial Revolution during the 18th to 19th century, the Industrialization of the 20th century, World War I and World War II, all left traces and have greatly impacted the way we live in today particularly out living standard. The goal of the paper is to discuss the effects of these historical events on the way we live in terms of living standardsRead MoreThe American Revolution and Indias Independence Movement Essays1455 Words   |  6 PagesIndian and American human societies. All types of governments – from local politics to federal bureaucracies to huge empires – maintain their authority through specific techniques, including fostering a shared identity (nationalism), developing economic interdependence, and sometimes using overt force. Challenges to that authority through violent and nonviolent revolution can have significant consequences, including the collapse and replacement of w hole systems of governance. Both the American RevolutionRead MoreThe Identity Of The American Revolution1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe identity of the American colonists prior to the American Revolution was still work in progress because there were certain events that helped shape their identity and led to the American Revolution. The American colonies were trying to break away from the British control because they wanted to become independent and be their own nation. Once the British began to realize the intentions of the colonists, they began to create laws, acts, and other forms things to keep the colonists under their controlRead More Causes of the American Revolution Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pages There was no one event that started the American Revolution. This paper will address the problems that lead to the start to the American Revolution. The colonists believed that they should live democratically. Britain felt that they owned the American colonies and th ey could use their resources in any way that they wished. The colonists did not want to live being ruled by another country. The major events that led to the American Revolution were the French and Indian War, Stamp ActRead MoreThe Trail Of The American Revolutionary War1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe Trail to The American Revolutionary War The roots of the American Revolution can be traced all the way back to the year 1763 when British leaders began to tighten imperial reins. Once the relations between Britain and the colonies became more of a conflict. Britain’s land policy prohibiting settlement in the West irritated colonists as well as the arrival of British troops. The colonists believed that they should be able to live democratically. Alongside, Britain feeling as though they owned

Changes Since The Sixties Essay - 878 Words

There were no time guzzling metal detectors at the airports... or the schools. There were no grouchy warning labels on the records and no ratings necessary on the movies. And TV shows were acceptable to the whole family. Those were the sixties or at least part of it. Some of the 52 million sixties’ boomers called it the decade of peace, harmony and love mainly for the movement for peace and the â€Å"flower power† attitude. Others, a little more pessimistic, called it the decade of dissatisfaction because of the protests against the war and the race riots in many cities. For the teenagers it was the decade of sweet sounding, good-time rock ‘n’ roll†¦from the Beatles to the Kinks and many more in between. Still for others it was filled with†¦show more content†¦Today the film industry is booming. The film industry also makes more than 200 movies a year so they can usually film within the country. However both today and in the sixties film was i n color and both decades targeted younger audiences. Movie ticket prices have also increased. An average movie ticket in the sixties cost about thirty-eight cents, whereas today tickets cost between five and eight dollars. Literature techniques and topics chosen by authors reflected the social changes and interests of the sixties. Some writers focused on traditional issues, others reflected the cultural conflicts made by the Civil Rights movement, the coming of age of the post-war baby boomers and the war in Vietnam. Popular book genres of the sixties were romance, science-fiction, and fantasy. Slaughterhouse Five and Stranger in A Strange Land are just two examples. Today people enjoy reading fantasy and non-fiction novels as well. Although they also buy dating books such as He’s Just Not That into You and dieting books like The Zone Diet. The sixties was a good decade for non-fiction in general. Both Growing Up Absurd and Feminine Mystique did well with readers. Non-fiction and fiction today don’t really compete since they have separate bestsellers list. However both are doing well with the Da Vinci Code and My Life So Far on a Bestsellers List. Young Adult books in the sixties became c ontroversial for their critical observations of adults like Catcher in the Rye byShow MoreRelatedChanges Since the Sixties916 Words   |  4 Pagestime guzzling metal detectors at the airports... or the schools. There were no grouchy warning labels on the records and no ratings necessary on the movies. And TV shows were acceptable to the whole family. Those were the sixties or at least part of it. Some of the 52 million sixties boomers called it the decade of peace, harmony and love mainly for the movement for peace and the flower power attitude. Others, a little more pessimistic, called it the decade of dissatisfaction because of the protestsRead MoreCanad The Great Canadian Flag Debate1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sixties was and still is a decade of great significance for the northern country of Canada, it is due to the fact that the decade brought intense changes to Canada through historical occurrences that the decade was and still is a significant decade for Canada. The hist orical occurrences that happened in the Sixties in Canada that were the most significant to Canada in terms of bringing changes to Canada were the occurrences known as the Great Canadian Flag Debate, the Quiet Revolution and theRead MoreEssay about The Appearance of Youth in the 1960s1056 Words   |  5 PagesFashion in the Sixties Throughout time the United States has changed, whether it is hairstyles, clothing styles or all around consciousness, the people of this fantastic era represent the patriotic lifestyle of the 1960’s. The appearance of the youth in the 1960’s was different than that of any era that came before, and many of the styles that originated then are still seen today, thirty years later. As one takes a look back upon the sixties one must remember that, unlike today, it was imbeddedRead MoreWhat Was the Impact of Increased Availability of Contraception on British Society?1382 Words   |  6 PagesWhat was the impact of increased availability of contraception on British society? The swinging sixties was a time like no other, it created a new generation with a new take on life. When people think of the sixties they think of the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Twiggy, mini-skirts and sex which is then often recalled as the period in time when Britain became a different place from the generations before, it was the â€Å"watershed era of freedom that changed society forever† says Dominic Sand brookRead More60’s in America Essay examples870 Words   |  4 PagesA decade of much misfortune and prosperity is the 1960’s. If you can remember anything about it, then you were not apart of it; the 1960’s an era most popular known as the sixties. The sixties, was a time of much change. People’s way of life had completely changed at the turn of the decade. It was the first decade to be radically different, then one’s before. It is the decade to set the trends of all to come. It started a large progressive movement, it created dist rust throughout the country, andRead MoreHow 1960s Has Impacted And Influenced Today s Society1396 Words   |  6 Pagestoday; we have the 1960s to thank for those things. The sixties was one of the most impactful decades pertaining to culture revolutions; it is the decade that brought into play some of the problems and privileges that the present is dealing with now. The sixties brought the gay movement, women’s rights, the drug revolution, and has also impacted music as well. One of the most well-known things about the sixties is its music. Bands in the sixties started to break the conservative boundaries by talkingRead MoreEssay about Dinosaur Extinction1381 Words   |  6 Pagesthin layer of Iridium around the rocks in Gubbio, Italy. (New Scientist, 1) Iridium is an element found in meteorites and asteroids. In 1980 it was proven that the layer if Iridium was evidence of a huge comet or meteorite that crashed into the earth sixty five million years ago. The normal amount of Iridium an area is to have is 0.001 on an average. The layer of Iridium found in Gubbio Italy was 0.003. Thirty times the average amount in parts per million. (New Scientist, 1) The theory of the AlvarezRead MoreFashion of Roaring Twenties and the Sixties1527 Words   |  7 PagesFashion of the Roaring Twenties and The Sixties Fashion is the style prevalent at a given time. It usually refers to costume or clothing style. Everybody has to wear clothes, making fashion a part of everyday life. The way someone dresses says a lot about his or her personality, age, culture and experience. At times of economic or social change, fashion often changed. The 1920s and the 1960s are big eras were economic and social change were happening. They are both largely known for their fashionRead MoreThe Economical Issues With Social Security1700 Words   |  7 Pages2009). Since then, Social Security has been beneficial for many workers and retirees. In fact, social security has become the main source of income for many retirees. Social Security was designed to replace less than half of someone’s preretirement income. The 70 percent left over should be based on that person’s savings for retirement. The retirement age is sixty-seven, and there are benefits for retiring at the age of seventy. On the other hand, early retirement, which is at the age of sixty-twoRead MoreWhat Is The Post War Era Of Cars1319 Words   |  6 Pages There are hundreds of models produced throughout the sixties but not all can claim that the were a best seller. Not all can claim that they left a major imprint in society but these next few models surely can say that they have. Few cars have truly topped the charts such as the ones that will be found in this article. Not only were they top sellers but they still help influence the cars of our modern day. The post war era of motor vehicles truly is home to some of the best selling cars and the

Character Deviation In William Shakespeares The Merchant...

Mrs Harasses me Shakespeare uses repetition and rhetoric extensively throughout ‘The Merchant of Venice’ to show characterization through themes of wealth, race, religion and justice, amongst others through the characters Shylock, Antonio and Portia. Considered the greatest dramatist of all time and often known as England’s national poet. William Shakespeare is a popular playwright, poet and actor born in Stratford-upon-Avon England. William played a big part in Lord Chamberlain’s Men company around 1594 and on. Written records are an understatement of Shakes spears professional life influenced his artistry. In his 20 years as a playwright, his plays are considered to touch the complete range of both human emotion and conflict In 1596†¦show more content†¦The characters argume on different levels, as they have had different pasts. The most sense if shown with is religion. Shylock has been isolated from the rest of the merchants because he is Jewish. Therefore Skylock’s religious beliefs and cultural values are different from Christians. Shakespeare shows this from this folliwng example; â€Å"I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, and so following; but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. (Act 1 Scene 3 line 27-30). This is the loneliness of life for the characters that is used as a fact and it proves to be equally insurmountable. One of the main characters, Portia, has given a special sort of treatment by William Shakespeare that ties in with the most complex things of the play such as marriage, mercy, justice and wealth.In this theme of Marriage, Portia is a very complex example of mercy and justice because she makes a very persuasive speech about mercy and peace. In Elizabethan in England, times Portia would have actually been seen as on behalf of the Christian idea of mercy. Evidence to support my statement is when shakespeare quotes â€Å"It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven upon the place beneath. It is twice blest (scene 1 line 180-201) But although when it comes to the accord, she is less fair than her actual words that are spoken. She stresses that Shylock has all justice and she catches him out as she knows the law better than he does. Portia refuses to let Shylock back outShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Roles Of William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice 1837 Words   |  8 Pages Gender plays an important role in Shakespeare’s comedies. Cross gender roles and cross dressing are essential not only for the inherent humour of the situation but also for the advancment of the plot. English Renaissance stereotypes of women and men and their various roles and responsibilities in society are reflected in Shakespeare. What sets Shakespeare apart is the fact that he also challenges, and at times even breaks down those stereotypes especially in his comedies. Hamlet may proclaim â€Å"Frailty

Pain and Yoga Application Paper Free Essays

Yoga Application Paper Kristen Sullivan Immaculata University Yoga Application Paper Originated in ancient India, Yoga typically means ‘union’ between the mind, body and spirit. It involves the practice of physical postures and poses. As the name suggests, the ultimate aim of practicing Yoga is to create a balance between the body and the mind and to attain self-enlightenment. We will write a custom essay sample on Pain and Yoga Application Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to accomplish it, Yoga makes use of different movements, breathing exercises, relaxation technique and meditation. Yoga is associated with a healthy and lively lifestyle with a balanced approach to life. It increases the lubrication of joints, ligaments and tendons of the body. Studies in the field of medicine suggest that Yoga is the only form of physical activity that provides complete exercise to the body, because it massages all the internal organs and glands. This in turn reduces the risk of many diseases. Yoga can create a positive permanent difference to the lifestyle of anybody practicing it on a regular basis (Weil, n. d. ). The whole system of Yoga is built on three main structures: exercise, breathing, and meditation. The exercises of Yoga are designed to put pressure on the glandular systems of the body, thereby increasing its efficiency and total health. The body is looked upon as the primary instrument that enables us to work and evolve in the world. Breathing techniques are based on the concept that breath is the source of life in the body, gently increasing breath control to improve the health and function of both body and mind. These two systems of exercise and breathing then prepare the body and mind for meditation, in turn finding an easy approach to a quiet mind that allows silence and healing from everyday stress. Regular daily practice of all three parts of this structure of Yoga produce a clear, bright mind and a strong, capable body (Weil, n. d. ). The tradition of Yoga has always been passed on individually from teacher to student through oral teaching and practical demonstration. The formal techniques that are now known as Yoga are, therefore, based on the collective experiences of many individuals over many thousands of years. The particular manner in which the techniques are taught and practiced today depends on the approach passed down in the line of teachers supporting the ndividual practitioner. As more has become known about the beneficial effects of Yoga, it has gained acceptance and respect as a valuable method for helping in the management of stress and improving health and well-being (Weil, n. d. ). A study in the journal Spine (Williams et al. , 2009) indicates the benefits of yoga as a treatment for back pain and confirms the importance of staying active when rehabilitating th e spine and seeking pain relief, a point that may initially seem counterintuitive to patients but should not be lost. In the study, 90 back pain sufferers (aged 23 to 66) were split into two groups, with one group performing 90-minutes of Iyengar yoga twice a week for six months and the other maintaining their regular treatment over that time period (Williams et al. , 2009). At both the third and six months, the yoga participants noted significant improvements in both pain and functioning, and were also less likely to be depressed (Williams et al. , 2009). Pain levels were measured via questionnaires assessing the amount of pain medications being taken, difficulties performing certain tasks, and other metrics (Williams et al. , 2009). Previous studies have noted how extensive yoga programs have resulted in improvements in strength, flexibility and endurance for patients with back pain, and now this research seemingly adds more credence to the effectiveness of yoga and its emphasis on relaxation, flexibility and core strengthening as a treatment for these symptoms. While the principles of yoga may still be foreign to many people, patients should keep an open mind when exploring treatment options. While exercise may prompt initial worries of exacerbating pain, such activities can often have wonderful therapeutic effects, not only physically but spiritually. Physical therapists, doctors of chiropractic, physiatrists and many other medical professionals may prescribe yoga programs, and are good sources to learn more about the benefits of physical activity – as opposed to immobility – for chronic back pain sufferers. A proposed plan to implement yoga as an alternative therapy and to evaluate its effectiveness could include gathering a sample group of people who are patients at a pain management practice for chronic back pain. Often these patients are on various pain medications and muscle relaxers to minimize their pain and discomfort. Of the sample group, half of the patients would be weaned off of their medications under the supervision of the doctor. This half of the sample group would then be started on a 12-week yoga program instructed by a rained yoga instructor while taking no medications. The other half of the group would continue on the current prescribed medications and given a basic stretching regimen to follow by a physical therapist. The participants will complete a questionnaire prior to beginning the study, as well as at 3 week intervals to assess their pain levels. At the end of the study the results of the questionnaires compared between the 2 groups will show if the yoga program has been effective or ineffective. This study will also show the comparison of pain levels between pain medications and the yoga program to provide information on the effectiveness of the medications. References Weil, R. (n. d. ). Yoga. Retrieved from www. medicinenet. com/yoga/article. htm Williams, K. , Abildso, C. , Steinberg, L. , Doyle, E. , Epstein, B. , Smith, D. , †¦ Cooper, L. (2009, September 1). Evaluation of the effectiveness and efficacy of Iyengar Yoga therapy on chronic low back pain. Spine, 34(19), 2066-2076. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1097/BRS. 0b013e3181b315cc How to cite Pain and Yoga Application Paper, Papers

Relationship B/W Sports - Society and National Identity of Australia

Questions: 1. Relationship between sport, Australian society, and national identity drawing on key theories and learning materials presented in the unit? 2. An original advertisement, in any of the medium (television, radio, billboard, etc.), for an Australian sport? Answers: Introduction:- The sport has an important place in Australian society and national identity. Without acknowledging the place of sports, it is impossible to understand fully the contemporary society and the national identity of Australia. At present, sports are considered as the international phenomenon. Hence, it is important for the world leaders and the politicians to be associated with the sports personality. Sports have a great contribution to the Australian economy. There are some most visible international spectacles, which are associated with the sporting events. In Australia, there are many types of sports like football, cricket, rabbi, basket-ball, volleyball, tennis, swimming, cycling, long-jump, high jump, etc. 1:- Relationship between sport, Australian society, and national identity drawing on key theories and learning materials presented in the unit:- Relationship between Sports and Society:- Sport is considered as the part of the social and the cultural fabric of different regions, localities and nations. In some of the poorest areas of the world, the transformative potential of sport is considered as an evident. The sport is not only important to the television and film industry but also for the tourist industry. It is also regularly associated with the social problems and issues such as social division, social regeneration, labour migration, poverty, economic crisis, health, violence, social division, etc (Adair 2012, p. 228). In Australia, some richest and the poorest people are recognized with the form of sports in some different ways. Hence, there exist an immense gap between the poor and the rich parts of Australia in terms of global sports. In the modern world, Sports has a social and commercial power, which makes it a potentially potent force. Sport can be treated as the tool of dictatorship and a symbol of the democratic change(Gibbons 2011, p.865-879). Sports help to improve the health and education of the students. It also helps to create job opportunities and prevent the crime. Sports usually represent the competing notions of identity, national tradition, internationalisation and the global solidarity (Bairner 2003, p.517-535). The sports are related with the social culture of Australians i.e. with their values, ceremonies and the way of life. Within a particular culture setting of the society, the sports are representing the symbols, meanings, ritual and power (Openforum.com.au, 2015). The sports also have a great impact on the sub-cultural community of the city. They support different sports or different teams from different regions for the social, cultural and political reasons. The people of sub-culture communities are generally the football club supporters or the supporters of some alternative sports which are generally very extreme sports or high-risk sport. Most of these communities in Australian society support the sporting culture, especially football (Deninger 2012, p.331). Moreover, as a part of the society the Australian women are very much interested in sporting. They not only support a particular sport or a particular team but also most of them are associated with different types of sports and they have the separate women team of cricket, football, rabbi, volleyball, etc. The women are also associated with tennis and other games like swimming, long-jumping, cycling, etc. Hence, this represents the freedom of women in Australian society (Faculty.georgetown.edu, 2015). Relationship between Sports and national identity:- In Australia, the sport is significantly related with the national identity of Australians as it represents the Australian values and environments. There Australian culture is diverse in nature and with this diverse culture there are different sports (Toney 2012, p.189). For example, in Australia football was previously treated as the native game or the game of indigenous culture. More Indigenous Australians are associated with this game, and a great portion of supporters of this game belong from this society. On the other hand, cricket, tennis, etc. are treated as the sports of main stream Australians. Even in different cities of Australia, there are different sports teams and the citizens of different cities of Australia support their own native teams (makinghistoryatmacquarie 2013, p.361). Australians are very honest, hard-working and aggressive in nature. These characteristics are reflected in their sports. There is a great unity among Aussies, which is reflected in their sporting culture. The Aussies never give up hope and have a great willing power to win which reflect their national identity (Houlihan1997, p.113-137). Key theories (based on the learning materials):- There are four key theories of sports. They are: 1. Media Theory or Metanarratives 2. Cultivation Theory 3. Vladimir Propps Narrative Theory 1. Media Theory or Metanarratives:- Telecasting the sports via the medium of television reinforces the meta-narratives, which underpin the Society of Australia. The product of modernity is known as meta-narrative and is most commonly held beliefs that occurred by and about the dominant culture in a society. The television sports provide homogeneous coverage an event by providing its meaning and reinforcing it through the commentary (Uws.edu.au, 2015). 2. Cultivation Theory:- This theory discusses the impact of T.V. viewing. According to George Gerbner, the TV world is not same as the real world, and the main goal of TV is not telling something, but selling something. Hence, it can be said that we all thinks the same while watching the TV and it has a great impact on our construction of reality. The same message is provided to us by the advertisers and the sponsors. Day-by-day the sport and television is becoming a most significant way of conveying the strong uniform messages as most of the time the sports advertisements are performed by the famous athlete who is a celebrity and also treated as star. In the multi-flow theory of media, these celebrities or the familiar stranger acts as the influential opinion leader. In a post-modern society, it helps to construct the reality. Here the celebrities are treated as the commodity that can be sold and also who can sell it. Television is the forum for the celebrity or the star where the cultivation is done through the aspiration. Even to raise the brand value of a product the T.V. advertisements use the famous athletes (Farrington 2012, p.289). 3. Propps theory of Narrative Spheres of Action:- According to the narrative theories of Vladimir Propp, the sports have all the elements of a good story or the fairy tale. That means, in sports there is Hero, Princess, Villain, False Hero, Father, Helper, Donor, Dispatcher, etc (Ward 2010, p.259). 2: An original advertisement, in any of the medium (television, radio, billboard, etc.), for an Australian sport:- To pull a lot of viewers together, sports generally use different channels of television to increase its popularity in the society. Especially the sports-related advertisements are built in such a manner that it should have a positive impact on society. The original advertisement: - The Baggy Green. Sports: - Cricket Date of launching: - 9th January 2013 T.V. Channel: - CA (Cricket Australia) T.V. A mock-up or the description of the advertisement:- The Baggy Green is a 5:03 minutes advertisement on the Australian Cricket team launched on 9th January 2013. This advertisement is the historically and emotionally significant to each and every Australians who love their nation as well as the Australian Cricket team. The Baggy Green has always been treated as a key feature of Australian cricket team. It is 100% made in Australia and holds most favoured possession in the kit bags of Australian Cricket Team. According to this advertisement, the Baggy Green is most recognized sports equipment of Cricket Australia. It has an incredible history over time. Then there is an interview of the whole Australian cricket team where the famous Australian cricket players express their feelings about the Baggy Green. Among these famous cricketers, there are Michael Clark, Shane Watson, David Hasi, Mitchell Johnson, David Warner, etc. Particularly from the 1990s the players started to hold on the original Baggy Green. Over the time, there were many captains of cricket Australia like Steve Waugh, Ricky Ponting who has held the prestige of Baggy Green over the time. According to the former Australian cricket captain Ricky Ponting, this green cap has a great significant on their team as it always help to unite the Australian Cricket Team, which is a main cause behind their success over the long period. In this advertisement, there was a special video-clip of the retirement of Ricky Ponting which has made this advertisement more sentimental towards the Cricket Australia and the nation. He has kept the tradition of presenting the Baggy Green after Steve Waugh as a symbol of Australian Cricket. Then the narrator is saying some historical facts about the baggy green in this advertisement. It is observed from this advertisement that the former captain of Australian cricket team is providing the lecture to his team-members before a cricket match. This lecture was about to hold the prestige of Baggy Green. The whole team of Cricket Australia always wear this green cap while playing the cricket. However, there was an exceptional case in 1998, where in a cricket match, famously known as The Pink Test, all the players wore the Baggy Pink cap and not the Baggy Green Cap in Australian cricket history (YouTube, 2015). 3:- Use of Semiotic theory in Sports Advertising:- Semiotic theory:- Semiotics is considered as the study of sign system that helps to explore the process in which the sign and the word together make a meaning. In this theory, a sign can represent some other things than itself. And in most of the time this sign primarily focuses on the linguistic signs. The sign of this study process a meaningful communication. This includes the study of sign and the signing process, designation, indication, analogy, likeness, metaphor, signification, symbolism and communication. There is a close relation between the semiotics and linguistics. This helps to study more specifically the structure and the meaning of language. Besides this linguistic sign system, the non-linguistic sign system is also studied under the semiotics theory. Semiotics often is divided into three branches, such as:- Semantics: - This explains the relationship between the signs and the things to which the sign is referring to. Syntactics: - This explains the relation between or among two or more different signs in the formal structures. Pragmatics: - This explains the relation between signs and the agents who use the sign. Hence, it can be seen that in the advertisement The Baggy Green this Semiotic theory has been clearly used. The Baggy Green cap of the Australian cricket team is a sign that represents the proud of nation. This is under the semantics branch of the Semiotic theory (Visual-memory.co.uk, 2015). Use of Semiotic theory in the Advertisement:- This sports advertisement based on the sentiments on Baggy Green, which is treated as honour of Cricket Australia has a great significance in the social and the national level of Australia. Unity is a most important thing for social-welfare and national identity. This advertisement is full of emotion and sentiment to hold the honour of the nation. Despite the advertisement is based on the historical significance and prestigious value of Baggy Green, it also symbolized the unity of Australian Cricket team and their success over the period. Hence, this is not only an emotional and prestigious story but also a very much inspirable story for the Australians. From this story, the Australians will learn to respect not only the Baggy Green and the sport named Cricket, but also their own nation. The Cricket is a sport that represents the culture of Australia. This unity and hunger for win represent the culture of every Australians. Hence, this story will help to unite all the inhabitants of Australia socially, nationally and globally (Faculty.georgetown.edu, 2015). Conclusion:- Hence, from the above study it can be said that sports have a significant impact on Australian Society, culture and national identity. The sports advertisement through television and other social media have the great influence on Australians. Like many parts of the world, in Australia, the sporting spectacles dominate the television. The timing of the major world sports events is set according to the peak viewing times around the world. However, at present it is true that the sport is colonized by media and hence in various ways the sport is dependent upon the rules of the media though it has some separate identity. Today the sport is facing the great challenges from the media politics and policies. 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